Asian Social Science Free Essays

string(157) support from relatives and the network by huge towards previous addicts profoundly advance the backslid enslavement propensity after treatment (Brown et al. It has been noticed that many medication addicts backslide to tranquilize use after released from effective treatment and restoration programs. Therefore it is goal and convenient to address the issues that brief backslid enslavement. 400 medication addicts on backslide cases were chosen from eight medication recovery focuses all through Peninsular Malaysia to look at factors impacts the backslid dependence on sedate use. We will compose a custom paper test on Asian Social Science or on the other hand any comparative theme just for you Request Now Steady with past research, self-adequacy, family support, network backing and managers support were distinguished as principle factors that affected the backslid addictions propensity among addicts. Proposals to control backslid dependence on drugs were examined according to the discoveries. Watchwords: Relapse, Addiction, Drug, Malaysia 1. Acquaintance The nearby geological propinquity with Myanmar, Laos and Thailand (Golden Triangle) and other Southeast Asian nations that produces unlawful medications has heighten tranquilize use in Malaysia. The unlawful medication utilize been very much idea out as significant social terrorizing in Malaysia. The administration, on February 19, 1983, announced medication as national fiasco and try with rigid law authorization along with restoration programs for addicts. In reality the legislature through different organizations has placed in real life procedures to hinder medicate use, corresponding to the mission of achieving a medication free society by 2015. All things considered, even with the country’s tough implementation strategy, there has been a sizeable rises in the quantity of new and backslid sedate clients (National Anti-Drug Agency (NADA), 2009). Nothing endowed by the Malaysian government to shape components to deal with the medication emergency and specifically to trim down backslid dependence rate. In view of the measurements by NADA (2009), the quantity of kept medication addicts from January to December 2007 and 2008 were 14,489 and 12,352 individually. Maybe, the dependence pattern that was recorded by NADA is a type of an alleviation to all worry. In 2007, the confined new and backslid addicts were 6,679 and 7,810 separately. Among the confined medication addicts in 2008, 5,939 (48%) were new addicts while 6,413 (52%) were backslid addicts. Strangely, in 2008 the measurements uncovered a decrease of rates in complete number of kept addicts (15%), new addicts (11%) and backslid addicts (18%) contrasted with the detailed insights in 2007. By and by, cautious perception on the insights uncovered an expansion in the quantity of confined backslid addicts contrasted with new medication addicts somewhere in the range of 2008 and 2007. By and large, it is surely known that the quantity of medication addicts ought to diminish significantly upon fruitful finishing of medicines or restoration program. In any case, the revealed information explains that the majority of the medication addicts neglected to support the liberated from sedate way of life after they have been released from recovery treatment program. Mohamad Hussain and Mustafa (2001) revealed that there are proof of 90% backslid cases among heroin addicts inside a half year after been released from the Serenti recovery focuses. It additionally had been discovered that 40% of the addicts pine for heroin following a month of restraint. Shockingly, Serenti restoration focuses have backslid detainees who have followed the recovery meetings for in excess of multiple times. Additionally, Habil, (2001) fought that in excess of 70 percent of those going to sedate restoration places would most likely backslide. Reid, Kamarulzaman, and Sran (2007) asserted that however a portion of the projects had been fruitful, around 70 to 90 percent of addicts who experienced restoration likely 37 Vol. 5, No. 12 Asian Social Science come back to the propensity inside first year after been released on the off chance that they are constrained and kept at the restoration communities. Regardless, the pace of backslide among addicts is of extraordinary worry to both administrative and non-legislative bodies. In this way, this examination was started to look at the elements adding to backslid compulsion propensity among tranquilize addicts in Malaysia. For sure this examination is noteworthy and opportune to battle against illicit drug habits to the root while accomplishing the nation’s aspiration to arrive at the zero medications by 2015. . Variables Contributing to Relapse among Drug Addicts Relapse is an imposing test in the treatment of all conduct issue (Witkiewitz Marlatt, 2004). A few creators have depicted backslide as intricate, dynamic and flighty (Buhringer, 2000; Donovan, 1996; Marlatt, 1996). Though as indicated by Mahmood (1996), backslid habit implies, use, admission or abuse of psychoactive substances after one had gotten chronic drug use treatment and recovery, truly and mentally. To Rasmussen (2000), backslide happened due to the structure up of extra emergency, for example, to look inconsequentially on certain issue, stress, feeble or bombed estimate, the skeptical reasoning that all issue can't be settled and youthful activities. Backslid addicts likewise befuddled and overcompensate because of the failure to think unmistakably, unfit to oversee sentiments and feelings, the trouble to recall things, incapable to control their emotions and effectively maddened. Different investigations have analyzed the impacts of psychosocial factors towards backslide among medication and liquor reliance. Moos (2007) battled that mental variables are notion to add to backslide among sedate addicts after forbearance. Reliably, tension has been connected to expanded backslide hazard among cannabis addicts (Arendt et al. , 2007; White et al. , 2004). Other backslide advancing element is self-adequacy, characterized as a degree to which an individual feels sure and competent playing out a specific conduct in a particular situational setting (Bandura, 1977). As depicted in the psychological social model of backslide (Marlatt, Bear Quigley, 1995), elevated levels of self-viability are prescient of improved liquor abuse treatment results (Brown et al. , 1995; Greenfield et. al. , 2000; Rychtarik, Prue, Rapp King, 1992). The circumstance is not the same as the aftereffects of research done on 60 heavy drinkers, which found that people who have high self-viability subsequent to experiencing restoration treatment, are generally probably not going to be dependent once more (Allsop, Saunders Phillips, 2000). Chuah (1990), in his exploration found that medication addicts who have low self-viability would have returned to enslavement after their discharge from getting treatment and recovery. Different past examinations have additionally bring up that improvement in confidence decidedly lead to accomplishment in recovery projects and it help with checking illicit drug habits (Graham et al. , 1997; Mahmood, 1995; Mahmood et al. ,1998; Mahmood et al. , 1999). Demeanor and poor information on tranquilize misuse been accounted for to be contributing component of backslid addictions among sedate addicts (Abdullah Iran, 1997). Also, less help from relatives and the network by enormous towards previous addicts profoundly advance the backslid compulsion inclination after treatment (Brown et al. You read Asian Social Science in class Papers , 1995; Miller et al. ,1999; Miller, 1992; Moos King, 1997). Research by Mohd Taib, Rusli and Mohd Khairi (2000) on family correspondence designs among addicts’ family and non addicts’ family, demonstrated frail correspondence designs and less successful collaborations among previous addicts’ family is one of the high plausible elements toward illicit drug use. To be sure, family support is genuinely necessary to guarantee the recovery procedure achievement and issues like â€Å"don’t care attitude† and excluding previous addicts would just bombed the restoration procedure and over the long haul made the previous addicts backslide (Daley Marlatt, 1992). Among different components that have been related with backslid habit are peer pressures particularly from the old companions who despite everything use drugs. Mahmood, et al. (1999) discovered half of old companions impacted previous addicts to get the medication taking propensity after they were released from restoration focuses. The examination likewise demonstrated that 76% of the old companions help restored people to get the required gracefully of medications. These circumstances further instigated the backslid dependence among previous addicts who has been getting restoration medicines. Be that as it may, the above research is not quite the same as discoveries by Chuah (1990). He discovered companions backing could help previous addicts from not returning to the old propensity. He inferred that high passionate and profound help will by implication increment the addicts’ self-assurance and reduction the hazard towards backslid dependence. Gregoire and Snively (2001) detailed that addicts who have released from restoration focuses and living in sedate free social situations could be connected with higher restraint rates and low in backslide of medication use. Mc Coy and Lai (1997), then again, partners failure to land positions among previous addicts who were released from restoration focuses combined with absence of monetary backings, made the addicts return to addictions. Yunos (1995) stated that businesses consistently exploited on the previous addicts by paying low pay rates without aking into thought their capabilities and experience, causing disappointments among the previous addicts that in the end made them quit their employments. Yahya Mahmood, (2002), found that the treatment and restoration programs being directed in any nation would confronted different difficulties. The viability of medication recovery programs likewise one of the components, related with backslid addictions among addicts. This is on the g rounds that a few specialists discovered medication restoration programs led on addicts are less successful to shock them to a

Valuation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Valuation - Research Paper Example Coca-Cola Corporation has presented in excess of 500 brands and a portion of the famous brands are Coke, Diet Coke, Caffeine Free Coca-Cola and Coca-Cola Zero. The organization has its quality in excess of 200 nations of the world and is progressively prestigious as Coke. More than 1.7 billion individuals are served each day with the results of Coca-Cola.1 PepsiCo, Inc. (or on the other hand â€Å"PEP)† is another American based worldwide venture that works in the food and drink industry. Headquarter of PEP is in Purchase, New York. The organization was shaped in 1965 and since that time it has extended its brands to in excess of 200 nations. Energy is the fifth biggest food and refreshment organization on the planet as far as all out income anyway in the North American locale it is the biggest organization. There are in excess of 285 thousand representatives working for PepsiCo around the world.2 Food and refreshment industry incorporates food creation, appropriation, retailing and providing food of food and drinks. The all out estimation of this industry in the year 2008 was $5.7 trillion. The development pace of the business is relied upon to increment at a CAGR of 3.5% and it is assessed that the absolute estimation of this industry would reach up to $7 trillion before the finish of 2014.3 As other industry endured in light of money related emergency, food and refreshment industry was additionally one of the survivors of downturn. The business was influenced and organizations in the business needed to confront various issues like increment in food costs, increment in transportation cost and a decrease in purchaser spending accordingly, lessening the benefit of the organizations in the business. PepsiCo is the fifth most significant organization in this industry with offering various items like tidbits, carbonated and non-carbonated beverages. The all out income of PepsiCo is $43.3 billion USD with a net benefit of $5.1 billion. Coca-Cola Corporation is viewed as the seventh most significant organization in the business with

Aromatic Symbols in Time - Literature Essay Samples

Noah David PerryMrs. WellsAromatic Symbols In Time Within a novel, authors incorporate and implement symbols into their works in order to transfer more detailed ideas and deeper meanings through to the reader; ideas richer than what they actually write. In the novel Perfume by Patrick Sà ¼skind, Grenouille, an odd character with an extraordinary sense of smell, journeys on a quest to find his identity through various encounters with women and perfumery methods. The setting within this story, specifically the historical place and time, mimic the life of Grenouille, and can be much easier to identify due to the inclusion of strategic symbols within the book. Through the use of girls, flowers, and perfume as symbols surrounding the life and experiences of Grenouille within the novel, Sà ¼skind illustrates the significance of the time period in France, including the historical views on women and the role of the enlightenment.The reoccurring symbols and metaphorical interplay between fl owers and women is very reflective of the pre-revolutionary time period in France. During this era, women were commonly seen merely for their attributes of beauty and their likelihood to wed. In this way, Grenouille’s opinions echo that of the time period, where his feelings towards flowers are symbolic of his thoughts toward women. Because of this metaphorical connection, he finds beauty in the girls through their scents, while â€Å"the rest of the stupid stuff†¦ [are] of no concern to him† (100). Grenouille’s lack of interest towards the the non olfactory aspects of the flowers serves as a metaphor to display his feelings regarding the girls as well, however, it’s also a testament to how the society at the time commonly objectified women in a similar manor. Furthermore, Grenouille directly compares extracting scent from a woman to extracting scent from a blossom, saying that â€Å"ultimately it ought to be no more difficult than robbing a rare fl ower of its perfume† (178). These ideas produced by Grenouille further present women as objects within society and establish them as mere articles at the disposal of men. The idea of objectification is also present more specifically in the case of Laure, whose appealing features not only attract the attention of many men, including Grenouille, but also cause her own father, Richis, to develop incestual thoughts to â€Å"lie down next her, on her, in her† (208). The fact that Richis’ thoughts and emotions are nearly uncontrollable in this situation is also symbolic of the role women played in the society, portraying how men so became devoted to finding a sexually mature and attractive lady that any other factor, even blood relation, could not interfere with their desires. Grenouille also treats the second red-headed girl he kills the same as he would a flower, waiting for her to blossom the necessities to yield scent, in fact, he directly refers to the girl as a b lossom when it’s said that â€Å"the flower would flourish there without his aid† (179). Once again, the worth and standards of females are being lowered to a level that meets that of society, and in this case, the blossoming of flowers is symbolic not only of the sexual maturation of women, but it also of how women were only valued when they were still virgins during this time period. For this very same reason, Richis wishes to have Laure wed as soon as possible to eliminate her from being a possible target of Grenouille’s, seeing as how Grenouille, like almost every other man in France at the time, only wanted a girl of purity and sexual innocence. The perfume was Grenouille’s approach towards finding his identity, similar to how enlightenment thinkers would seek to find themselves through logic and reasoning. However, Grenouille’s attempts to seek out his identity through murderous perfumery is not only symbolic of the French society during the enlightenment time period, rather, it also represents what went wrong with this time of reason as well. He signifies the act of taking free thought too far and serves as evidence of the consequences that came along with enlightened thinking. Likewise, the perfume, more specifically, the extraction of scent in both women and flowers that is used to create the perfume, is symbolic of how in order to get to the core of society, Grenouille first had to break down what it was founded upon. As with the flowers and girls, where both of them had to be killed in order for their true beauty, their scents, to be apprehended, enlightened thinkers had to first deteriorate the basis of society’s ideologies in order to express and share their more refined methods of thinking. This unusual symbolic sacrifice is what ties multiple areas of the story to the setting, and more specifically, the enlightenment itself. Similarly, the techniques Grenouille uses to extract scents is representative of how thinkers at the time also broke everything down to their basic elements. The scents or â€Å"souls† of the flowers/girls â€Å"had to be coaxed methodically†, similar to how a thinker of the time period would approach philosophy, thus we are provided not only with insight into the character of Grenouille, but also into the enlightenment time period as well.The multiple symbols that exist within this novel all allow the reader to experience and receive a deeper understanding of the story and of Grenouille specifically. The flowers, the girls, and the connections between scent and perfume all networked to illustrate the reality of the time period. However, it was not the symbols themselves that accomplished this task, rather, the specific ideas that the symbols created within the novel. Sà ¼skind illustrates the implication of the time period in France, including the historical roles women played within the society and the purpose of the enlightenment.

Lego Movie Analysis - 787 Words

Harvarinder Sidhu CHV-2O0-D Ms.Bains November 29th, 2017 Lego Movie Leadership Styles Lord business is the complete opposite of President Business. Lord Business is a very evil and selfish leader. Lord Business wants to take over the world himself and the leadership style he portrays is Dictatorship. Dictatorship is when one person has all of the power which Lords Business did have. In the movie â€Å"Lego Movie† Lord Business displays the dictatorship leadership style because of when head had faked the election to rig the voting, he told his slaves to destroy Vitruvius, and when he had covered everyone with Kragle even when nobody liked or agreed with him. Firstly, When Lord Business had the voting election, he had rigged the voting machines†¦show more content†¦That shows that Lord Business displayed a dictatorship because he has all of the power and can use or abuse it any way he wants too. In conclusion, Lord Business shows that he displayed the dictatorship because he had rigged the voting elections to go in his favour, when he gave to order to hi s slaves to destroy Vitruvius, and when he had use Kragle on everyone even though everyone disagreed with him. Master Builders were a small group of people who always worked well as a unit and always had input from everyone in their group when they made any decisions as a team. In the â€Å"Lego Movie† the Master Builders displayed a direct democracy because when they were making a plan to destroy Lord Business, when everyone agreed with Batman to go underwater, and when everyone had voted that Emit was the â€Å"Special†. Firstly, when the Master Builders made a plan to destroy Lord Business this displays a direct democracy leadership because while they were making their plan they all started to contribute to take part in making the plan and take their roles as a team to shut down Lord Business. This shows direct democracy because the decision to take Sidhu 3 down Lord Business was a team decision and everyone agreed with the idea to take down Lord Business. The Master Builders making a plan to take down Lord Business didShow MoreRelatedLEGO movie analysis883 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿1984/LEGO Movie Analysis Themes are the fundamental and often universal ideas explored in literary work. It has been discovered that there is indeed a common theme surrounding both George Orwell’s novel 1984 and the LEGO movie. These pieces of literature serve to warn its readers/audience of the dangers of totalitarianism. Both the movie and the novel portray a â€Å"perfect† totalitarian society, where the government has complete and total power and control. When one looks beneath the surface ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie Lego 963 Words   |  4 Pages Lego is a billion dollar company providing toys to children all over the world and is a source of fun for families everywhere. 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Starting Thoughts It is argued that two Danish words, ‘leg godt’ are the benchmark of a child’s development .In English, ‘leg godt’, translates to ‘play well’. Consequently in the former language, these two words integrated created a globally recognized brand in the toy industry. Thus, it falls that Lego was born. Acknowledgements I would like to take this opportunity to express my gratitudeRead MoreDesigning New Toys : An Internal Analysis And Assessed Lego s Core Competencies Essay2675 Words   |  11 PagesIn this Mandatory Assignment we had 2 questions witch we have answered. First, we made an internal analysis and assessed LEGO’s core competencies. Furthermore, we developed a strategy that will be useful for the company and help them to be on the first place for a long period. After that we used knowledge and skills from Statistics class to solve the second question. The mission of the company is ‘Inspire and develop the builders of tomorrow ’. 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Comparing Aristotle s Tragedy And Antigone

Aristotle wrote his Poetics, or â€Å"makings†, in 350 B.C. It was a reaction to Plato’s Republic, which was his version of Utopia. Aristotle’s Poetics described what he thought were major characteristics of a tragedy and tragic hero. In Sophocles’ tragedy Antigone, Antigone’s two brothers Eteocles and and Polynices have been killed in battle. Creon has ruled that Polynices not be given a proper burial because he thinks he is a traitor. Antigone disobeys his wishes and buries him, so Creon orders that she be put to death, even though she is engaged to his son, Haemon. In this play, both Antigone and Creon could be a considered a tragic hero, but Creon possesses more of the characteristics that Aristotle writes about. Aristotle thought that a tragedy should have catharsis should have catharsis, which was a medical term that he used as a metaphor. In medicine, it meant to bleed out a person. As a literary term, it means to release strong emot ions from our soul. The audience feels pity for Creon because of the events at the end of the play. Although the audience also feels pity for Antigone, she knew that she would have died because of her actions. When she is telling her sister, Ismene, that she is going to bury her brother and go against Creon’s ruling, Ismene tells her that she will be executed. Antigone says â€Å"And even if I die in the act, that death will be a glory† (line 86). So both she and the audience knew she would die, taking away any suspense about herShow MoreRelatedtheme of alienation n no where man by kamala markandeya23279 Words   |  94 Pagesï » ¿ANTIGONE KEY LITERARY ELEMENTS SETTING This tragedy is set against the background of the Oedipus legend. It illustrates how the curse on the House of Labdacus (who is the grandson of Cadmus, founder of Thebes, and the father of Laius, whose son is Oedipus) brought about the deaths of Oedipus and his wife-mother, Jocasta, as well as the double fratricide of Eteocles and Polynices. Furthermore, Antigone dies after defying King Creon. The play is set in Thebes, a powerful city-state north of

Sex Without Love Essay Example For Students

Sex Without Love Essay Sex Without Love, by Sharon Olds passionately describes the authorsdisgust for casual sex. She vividly animates the immortality of lustful sexthrough her language variety. Olds clever use of imagery makes this poem cometo life. Olds frequently uses similes to make the audience imagine actualevents. For example, Olds describes making love as Beautiful as dancers.(Line #2) In this line, she questions how one can do such a beautiful act with aperson whom one is not in love with. Olds also describes sex as gliding overeach other like ice skaters over the ice.(Line #3,4) She is referring to sexas a performance. Imagine an ice skating performance. Each ice skater isperforming for judges and an audience to win an award. Olds uses this simile torelate people performing for one another. When two people truly are in love,there is no need for any special show or performance. Another simile the authoruses is As wet as the children at birth whose mothers are going to give themaway, (line #6,7,8) to simulate a sweaty lovemaking scene. The similelight rising slowly as steam off their joined skin (line #11,12,13) canalso be used to perceive the same image of a hot, sweaty, and passionate lovemaking scene. The author repeatedly questions how two people who are not in lovecan perform such a spiritual act. The simile As wet as the children at birthwhose mothers are going to give them away, can also be used to represent theoutcome of lustful copulation. When two people engage in sexual activities, alarge percent of the mothers choose to ignore the outcome and either abort orgive their children up for adoption. Olds compares the lovers with greatrunners. (Line #18) In this simile, she implies that lovers are alone withtheir own pleasures. Olds questions this selfishness throughout the poem. Howcan two people be alone in pleasure, when sex is supposed to be both physicallyand emotionally shared between lovers? Olds uses hyperbole to describe herbelief that sex and God are entwined. These are the true religions, thepriest, the pros, the one who will not accept a false Messiah, love the priestinstead of the God. (Lines #13-17) In these lines she says that sex is morethan pleasure, and if one is merely using sex for pleasure they are accepting afalse God. She describes people as hypocrites who claim to love the lord, yetengage in immoral sex. In the lines, come to the come to the come to the Godcome to the still waters, and not love the one they came there with, (lines#8-11) Olds describes two people climaxing. Olds perceives sex as spiritual, andwonders how people can bring a person with whom they are not in love with beforeGod. Olds uses hyperbole to share her disgust of casual sex with her audience. In conclusion, Olds clearly despises people who engage in sex without being inlove. She is able to emphasize her view in a tasteful manner by using imagerythroughout her poem. Olds is able to express her disgust by using imagery toportray her objection to casual sex.

Tactics and Maneuvers of Hannibal Essay Example

Tactics and Maneuvers of Hannibal Essay The banks of Lake Trasimene were glistening in blood as the last Roman soldier was slain. The army of Carthage won yet another victory against the Republic of Rome. Hannibal’s tactics and maneuvers led to the death of 15,000 Roman soldiers because of a surprise attack out maneuvering the Roman army. This was the battle of Lake Trasimene, during the First Punic War in 217BC, Hannibal’s army had the opportunity to lay siege to Rome after decimating one of the immense forces of the Republic of Rome. Standing between Lake Trasimene and the city of Rome was only a two-day, 80 mile, march to the gates. Hannibal could have given the orders to march on the Capitol, but stopped short and never attempted an attack. Scholars have assumed that Hannibal did not have the siege equipment, reinforcements or even the supplies to begin his march. Some have thought, quite possibly, he may not have had the desire or the ability to destroy Rome at the time. If Hannibal had the siege equipme nt to storm the wall, reinforcements to outnumber the Roman guards, and the overall attack strength to take Rome by sheer force. Then we would have had a change in our history, and the fall of Rome would have come much earlier than history remembers. Is it possible Hannibal could have overcome these obstacles to defeat Rome and save Carthage for its future demise? Or, was the fall of Carthage ultimately inevitable? The first thing Hannibal needed to sack the Republic of Rome was siege equipment. Siege equipment has been most notably essential to breaking through the enemy walls and barriers in ancient history. Roman fortifications were well supported and strengthened. Rome’s walls were built over sixty feet high and surrounded the city by twelve miles (Toy chapter 4). Towers were placed roughly every one hundred feet, along with eighteen gates to strengthen its structure and accessibility for Rome’s people (Toy chapter 4). The Carthaginian army would need siege e We will write a custom essay sample on Tactics and Maneuvers of Hannibal specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Tactics and Maneuvers of Hannibal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Tactics and Maneuvers of Hannibal specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Medieval Technology essays

Medieval Technology essays The Middle Ages were dark and gloomy. People lived in castles and rode on horses. They constantly fought each other with swords and shields. That mainly sums up the Middle Ages, right? No wonder most people would rather slide in a DVD, grab a bag of popcorn, and relax on their comfy couch or favorite chair. Who could even imagine a world with no Nintendo, or even no washing machine? There wouldnt be a lot of kids or moms who would be very happy. A world with no technology sounds almost horrifying. However, there were many forms of Medieval Technology. Of course they didnt have electricity or batteries in the Middle Ages, but thats not all technology is. Technology is the application of science, especially in industry or commerce. (Technology 698) So basically, anything that improves or makes life easier is a form of technology. With that in mind, the invention of those swords, shields, and castles of the Middle Ages were all forms of technology. The Middle Ages were fi lled with many different advancements and inventions to different parts of medieval society, which were all part of Medieval Technology. Technology and science during the Middle Ages were both very practical and natural. (Howarth 39) Technology like wind and waterpower were widely used throughout the medieval periods. Water mills and windmills were a very important advancement for medieval industry. Water mills used large wheels that water from streams or rivers pushed around. These wheels then turned other cranks and wheels that could be used to grind, pound, or crush raw material into a useable product. Windmills were used in the plains and rolling hills where there was no water. There were two kinds of windmills used in the Middle Ages. These two windmills differed in the fan blades they used. Because of windmills and water mills many jobs were created for medieval people. These two inve...

Praxis Paper Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Praxis Business - Research Paper Example 1.2 Introduction Many business environments are appreciating the importance of technology at the work place. Before, processes were manual, but today automated systems have been integrated in almost every business unit. In turn, practices, which are conducted by business, have improved. This is the reason why SUPERVALU has come up with an information system, which is comprehensive. Evolution of information systems greatly improves processes. In order to obtain competitive advantage, information systems should be planned for strategically. Before new systems are purchased, managers must first make decisions based on the capability of the system (Laudon & Laudon, 2009). 1.3 Profile of the people interviewed at SUPERVALU The people, interviewed for this research, work at SUPERVALU in managerial capacities. Greg Harness is in charge of the Information technology Department. He assumes the title of the Project Manager of IT. Harness is well educated and his experience is vast. He has expe rience in information technology having worked in this field for twenty years. The other person interviewed is Susan Morris, who is in charge of customer experience at SUPERVALU. She is well informed about matters, which concern the company. Her experience in management is vast and is aware about the functions of the IT department. 1.4 Competitive advantage achieved from using and Implementing Information Systems Customer satisfaction is the reason why they had to improve their systems. In order to achieve efficiency and accuracy at the company, it makes use of Radio Frequency systems. In turn, it is able to monitor profitability and customer satisfaction. According to Morris (2011), the operative movements at the store are accountable, due to the effectiveness of the system. The system also ensures that optimum efficiency is achieved as evaluation and monitoring of information occurs (Friedman & Hoffman, 2001). The stocks, which are at the stores, are known through a process known as ambient area. The latter is achieved as a result of the existing system (Laudon & Laudon, 2009). This means that problems do not arise when delivery by suppliers is late. Also, there is premium product availability, due to the existing system. She believes that this system has improved the process as the store and in turn, customers are extremely satisfied. According to Harness (2011), the teams at the various stores are happy about the introduction of the new systems. Their work environment has improved greatly, and everyone feels that work has become more accommodating. The terminals, which have been out in place, are extremely user friendly. One does not have to be an expert in computers to use the terminals. Since the system is reliable, the teams working at the stores are loyal to the company. Expansion has been made easier by the system, as customers in their Northern Ireland, stores are served well. In turn, many customers have praised and commented about the service being offered (Britt, 2010). They have witnessed an improvement in various aspects at the stores. Other competitive advantages, which have occurred, are availability of products, and delivery has become extremely accurate. Job enhancement has occurred, due to Information systems implementation. Tasks are now prioritized and time saving takes place. The system handles matters concerning information and data handling. The latter was previously done by

Lysistrata Unbound fit as a prequel to Aristophanes' original play Essay

Lysistrata Unbound fit as a prequel to Aristophanes' original play - Essay Example She tries to achieve this by asking the Greek women to deny their husbands of sex until an agreement had been reached to ceasefire (Aristophanes 26). She had an arrangement with the elderly women in Athens to capture Akropolis, which serve as the central point of both the Athenians and the Spartans. The essence of the plan by Lysistrata was just to point out the negative effects of war on the women, as they seem to be more concerned about the welfare of the society. As the play progresses, the chorus of both the old men and women were involved in a confrontation and the women were victorious. In the course of the confrontation, the men made some remarks that seem derogatory and portraying the female race as a gender of no societal value, aside from their domestic functions as wives and mothers at home. This when compared to the ancient Greek society could create some kind of semblance in the way women are being treated as slaves and object of sex (Aristophanes 33). The crux of the wo men’s argument is the fact that they want to be recognized as an important element in the Greek society. They realize the impact of their hard work in the society and would not want the selfish interest of the men, whose quest for self glorification undermine the interest of the society at large. Lysistrata unbound by Machado Machado represents one of the modern adaptations of the original play by Aristophanes. The focus of the play by Machado was centered on a matron that was transformed by the current war situation tearing apart the family structure in the society. The play exonerates the will power of women as opposed to the notion presented in the Aristophanes’ original conception of male dominance. Machado added a feminist angle to the play, which serves as a basis for the differences from the original plot. The answer to question two The use of chorus in the play, Lysistrata unbound helps in the translation of the play to the audience in a clear and explicit mann er. Most Greek plays possess an element of dance and chorus which is more visible by the audience, but the difference with Lysistrata unbound is the way the chorus was employed as a unifying element that joins the dialogue between the women and older men. In the modern adaptation of the play, the chorus was employed as an element that helps interpret the tension and respite in the play. For example, the conversation between the chorus of old women and chorus of old men reflected the tension and respite that accompanied the act in the play. Thus, at some point, it functions as a sort of comic relief, which takes away the shine off the tensed atmosphere caused by the confrontation. While in the original play, the use of chorus signifies the rich Greek culture employed deliberately by Aristophanes to create an avenue where there would be an opportunity for both parties to confront each other. Without the chorus, there possibly could not have been any other avenue for the confrontation to take place. It would be quite irrational for the women to have taken arms against the Greek male whose main occupation is to execute warfare. A careful analysis of the chorus would point out the intention of Aristophanes in employing chorus as a dramatic element. In the course of the chorus, the women saw an avenue in which they could express their desires and anger at the male folks while the chorus of old men

Discussion on the Marketing Impacts of the Global Recession Essay

Discussion on the Marketing Impacts of the Global Recession - Essay Example The Global Recession By the end of 2007, what started as an apparently isolated turbulence in the sub-prime segment of the US housing market turned into a full-blown recession by the end of 2007 (Verick & Islam, 2010). The US housing sector, as stated by Verick and Islam (2010), was unaware of the true extent of the complexities and liabilities which, in turn, caused liquidity to dry up, bringing down the global financial system. The economic drawback was spread rapidly and simultaneously through the global financial system to all corners of the world (Jannson, Hilmersson, & Sandberg, 2010). The result is the global economic recession that peaked in 2008. There had been massive lay-offs, unemployment, unpaid mortgages, bigger debts, enormous financial problems and fraud, financial deregulation of credit, automotive sales loss and manufacturing decline. Marketing Impacts of the Global Recession Up to now, recession is still evident in the global scenario. The increasing globalization of economic activity – the interconnectedness of economic activity across national frontiers calls companies and countries to adapt to the negative effects of the recession (Kitching, Blackburn, Smallbone, & Dixon, 2009). Kotler and Keller in 2009 stated that speed of global business is accelerating diversity but that has slowed down, yet, as they say, its business is as usual. The companies must change their marketing strategies and management capabilities to keep up in the market, at the same time giving customer satisfaction. Several methods and strategies were devised or emerged as the reaction of the global market to the recession. According to Kitching et al. (2009), recessions are regarded as periods of â€Å"creative destruction†, during which some businesses and industries decline while new ideas, technologies, products and industries emerge and become the driving forces of subsequent economic activity and growth. Business strategy and performance vary with ow ner perceptions, resources, and opportunities available of the threats faced (Kitching et al., 2009). According to Orr (2010), findings suggest that two principal factors are dominant in determining international strategy during times of financial crisis – home country market conditions, and the level of domestic industry protection introduced by the foreign country government in response to the economic downturn. Other factors including the variability in relative exchange rates also influenced international strategy during financial crises. Marketing Impacts in Certain Countries of the Global Recession Several developed countries had certain impacts in both marketing and management aspects due to the recession. These countries mentioned in the discussion include Japan, the United States, European Union in general, Australia, Singapore and China. In Japan, Toyota Motor Corporation's profitability was badly affected by the recession, resulting in a fall from record profits to record losses (Greimel, 2009 as cited by Orr, 2010). In response, Toyota is planning to limit expenditure and return to its original focus on quality. In reaction to global currency fluctuations, the lower value of currencies in countries such as the US, and

The White Hotel :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The White Hotel Donald Michael Thomas began his writing career as a poet, and his early work was notable for the way it ranged across the heights of the fantasy worlds of science fiction and of sensuality. Thomas was a superb writer, meticulous researcher, and a genius in deceiving the reader. He skillfully wrote The White Hotel, combining prose, poem, and science fiction, to make it a believable, conceivable, and a touching piece of literature. In his novel, Thomas makes realistic and believable references to Sigmund Freud and his psychoanalytic theories. Furthermore, he was able to capture the real Freud so well that many Freudian scholars believed this â€Å"case study† of Frau Anna G. to be a lost work of Sigmund Freud. This leads us to conclude that Thomas did not only possess a great imagination for fiction, but was also well studied in his accounts of Freud and the Holocaust. Composed of a prologue and six sections, The White Hotel utilizes a variety of literary forms. The main characters of this novel are the celebrated psychoanalyst and theorist Sigmund Freud and Lisa Erdman, a twenty-nine-year-old, half-Jewish Viennese opera singer who comes to Freud for treatment of hysteria in 1919. This novel is by far one of the greatest works of English literature, exploring such concepts as, premonition, inhumanity, sexuality, and briefly, the concept of life after death. It is fashioned with many images of love, death, life, and desire, taking the audience on a horrifying and historical depiction of the Holocaust. Thomas’ novel is written using the third and first person narrator, which seems to have more knowledge than the reader or the character. I have to admit that I was distracted and even caught off guard by Thomas’ disorganization of chronological events. For example, the novel begins with presumably the middle of the story, after which the novel continues with the beginning and then ends the novel with a metaphorical new beginning for Lisa Erdman. Furthermore, many parallels and symbols can be seen in each section, which brilliantly connects them into a cohesive story filled with meaning and dire premonitions of an inevitable future.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Throughout this course, we have discussed various novels, from a psychoanalytic point of view, and we have been able to deconstruct many of the characters according to Freud’s psychoanalytic theories. Ironically, in The White Hotel, it is those theories that allow the reader to be misguided, and not realize the important symbolism of Lisa’s symptoms.

What is Bayesian Thinking?

It is common knowledge that human beings commit errors in judgment all the time. In areas of uncertainty, most of us go with our gut intuition, and in most cases this intuition turns out to be wrong. Much of this is derived from the fact that humans are poor statistical thinkers, and thus poor Bayesian thinkers. What is Bayesian thinking? Let us start with an illustrative example, called the Monty Hall problem — famously depicted in the Kevin Spacey movie â€Å"21.† There are three doors, and behind each door is either a goat or a car. There will always be two doors with goats and one door with a car. The player first chooses a door without opening, and the game show host whose interests are opposed to the player, proceeds to open a different door. Since the host knows what is behind each door, he always opens a door with a goat. Now that the player is left with the initially chosen door and another closed door, the host offers an opportunity to switch to the other unopened door. Should the player switch? The answer for an intuitive Bayesian, a purely statistical thinker, should be easy. Unfortunately, human beings are not intuitive Bayesians. In fact, most people answer that it doesn't matter if the player switches or not, since the probability of winning a car is 50% between the two doors anyways. They would be wrong. Now, before we examine the correct way to think about this problem, one might ask, so what? Why does it matter if humans are not intuitive Bayesians, or even more broadly, bad statistical thinkers? Simply, Bayesian reasoning corrects some of the issues with bad statistical thinking. Bad statistical thinking leads to bad judgments and decisions, which have a wide variety of consequences in everyday life as well as in arenas such as politics and science. Thus, everyone should become better Bayesian thinkers, because under uncertainty, accurate probabilistic judgments are useful and important.To give a accurate depiction of how Bayesian reasoning works, let us return to the Monty Hall problem, and examine why not only switching doors matters, but that it is beneficial to switch. When the host first opened the door with the goat, something happened: opening the door gave the player extra information, and thus changed the probability of outcomes. By utilizing this extra information, it is no longer a 50% chance for the player to win the car after switching doors, but a ~67% (2/3) chance. Let us suppose that the player picks the door which contains the car. The host opens either the first goat door or the second (it does not matter), and the player switches to the other goat door and loses. Now, suppose the player picks the first goat door instead, which means the host is forced to open the second goat door. Since the only other door contains the car, the player switches and wins. Lastly, suppose the player picks the second goat door. The host is forced to open the first goat door, which again, means the player will win the car after a switch. These are the only three possible scenarios, and so we see that the probability of winning is two out of three if the player switches. Conversely, what if the player doesn't switch? In the first scenario, the player wins the car, but in scenarios two and three, the player obviously loses. Thus, to not switch is to have only a 33% (1/3) chance to win the car.The Monty Hall problem is a rather simple illustration of how Bayesian reasoning works, so in order to gain a more complete understanding, we must explore its principles. In 1763, a paper by Reverend Thomas Bayes was published posthumously called â€Å"An Essay towards solving a Problem in the Doctrine of Chances,† and brought about a paradigmatic shift in statistics: by using ever-increasing information and experience, one can gradually approach the unknown or understand the unknown (of course, his main motive was to prove the existence of God). Fundamentally, Bayesian reasoning believes in the correction of probabilities over time, and that all probabilities are merely estimates of the likelihood of events to occur. Through the further efforts of mathematicians like Lagrange in perfecting the Bayesian framework, we now have a modern and complete theory of probability. First, there are what we call priors, which is the strength of our beliefs, or put it another way, the likelihood that we are to change our beliefs. Then, we have our posteriors, which is the empirical aspect, or the influx of new information. The Bayesian framework then takes these two components and mathematically analyzes how posteriors affect priors. If we know nothing about an event, then all we can do is estimate a probability. However, if there is new information, then the probability must be corrected based on this new information. Over time, as experiences grow through more information, these estimates of probabilities will eventually fit â€Å"reality.† In the Monty Hall case, the moment the the host opened the goat door, that influx of new information, or change in posteriors, immediately influences the player's priors. If the host doesn't open a door, the player merely has a 33% chance to win the car between the three doors, and switching makes no difference. However, since the host removes a door, and specifically the door that contains a goat, these two new posteriors directly influence the original prior from 33% to 66%. One might think that this method of thinking is mysteriously similar to the scientific method, which is certainly true. However, To put it another way, Bayesian thinking is how to use some known information or experience to judge or predict the unknown. For example, event A is â€Å"rainy tomorrow† and event B is â€Å"cloudy tonight†. If you see cloudy tonight, what is the probability of raining tomorrow? If you use the Bayes theorem directly, you only need to know the probability of raining every day, the probability of cloudy nightly, and if one day it rains, then the probability of the cloudy night of the previous night will be substituted into the formula and done. The question is, where do these probabilities come from, and how do we infer the possibility based on the information we have . In fact, most of the valuable problems are backward problems, for example: the stock market, through those few signs can be judged to be a more or less opportunity; the hospital, through which symptoms can determine what is the disease; science Research, through several experimental data, you can construct what theory to explain the model and so on. In general, mathematicians, physicists, etc. are all about backward problems, or they can not predict or judge the outcome with few signs or phenomena, and there is no value (by the way, do not know the reverse Problem-thinking people can not fight in the financial market or the stock market. At present, the most advanced research in the speculative market is almost a process of backward stochastic process and martingale theory. It is known that the incidence of a disease is 0.001, that is, 1 in 1,000 people is sick. There is a reagent that can test whether a patient is sick or not, and its accuracy is 0.99, which means that 99% of the patients may be positive when the patient really gets sick. Its false positive rate is 5%, which means that 5% of the patients may get positive if they do not get sick. There is a positive test result of a patient, what is the probability that he does get sick?We got a staggering result of about 0.019. In other words, even if the test is positive, the probability of getting sick is only increased from 0.1% to 2%. This is the so-called â€Å"false positive†, that is, the positive result is not enough to show that the patient is sick.Why is this? Why is the accuracy of this test up to 99%, but the credibility is less than 2%? The answer is related to its false positive rate. Here we see the power of the Bayesian theorem, that it allows us to deduce the unknown probability from the known probability and the information at hand.The human brain and quantification vs heuristic thinking. The advantage of Bayesian analysis is that it does not require any objective estimation, just guess a priori casually. This is the key, because most of the events that occur in the real world have no objective probability. This is actually very similar to the scientific method: we did not know anything from the beginning, but we are willing to experiment and gradually find out the laws of nature. Bayesian reasoning operates in the same way, through continually the posterior probability in accordance with existing experimental data. Biggest problem with Bayesian reasoning is that human brains cannot quantify information easily. The most commonly raised example is Malcolm Gladwell's â€Å"Outliers†, where many people who are trained enough in certain low-chaotic environments make correct decisions and judgments without using the Bayesian framework at all. Firefighters, for example, do not undergo a Bayesian calculus before deciding whether or not it's safe to pull a child out of a burning building. They just do it because they've done it many times before, and have a rough heuristic estimate on the safety of such an action. Similarly, chess players do not use Bayesian analysis to think many turns ahead; what research has found is that through thousands of hours of practice and becoming familiar and experienced with similar setpieces in the past, gives them an ability to predict moves assuming that the opposing player is also rational. Conversely, high chaotic environments, such as the political sphere, is where Bayesian reasoning thrives due to the high amount of uncertainty.The other criticism are from the frequentists. In general, the probability of teaching in school can be called frequencyism. An event, if performed repeatedly multiple times independently, dividing the number of occurrences by the number of executions yields a frequency. For example, throwing coins, throwing 10000 times, 4976 times positive, the frequency is 0.4976. Then if the implementation of many many, the frequency will tend to a fixed value, is the probability of this time. In fact, to prove it involves the central limit theorem, but it does not start.

Xiaotingia - Facts and Figures

Name: Xiaotingia; pronounced zhow-TIN-gee-ah Habitat: Woodlands of Asia Historical Period: Late Jurassic (155 million years ago) Size and Weight: About two feet long and five pounds Diet: Insects Distinguishing Characteristics: Small size; long tail; primitive feathers About Xiaotingia In order to understand the importance of Xiaotingia, you need a short lesson about a much more famous animal, Archaeopteryx. When the exquisitely preserved fossils of Archaeopteryx were discovered in Germanys Solnhofen fossil beds in the mid-19th century, naturalists identified this flying, feathered creature as the first true bird, the key missing link in avian evolution. Thats the image that has persisted ever since in the popular imagination, even though better-informed paleontologists now know that Archaeopteryx possessed a weird mix of bird-like and dinosaur-like characteristics, and probably should have been classified as a feathered dinosaur (rather than a primitive bird) all along. So what does all of this have to do with Xiaotingia? Well, this very Archaeopteryx-like critter, discovered in Chinas Liaoning fossil beds, predated its more prominent cousin by five million years, living about 155 rather than 150 million years ago. More important, the research team that examined Xiaotingia identified it right off the bat as a small maniraptoran theropod that shared important features in common with raptor dinosaurs like Microraptor and Velociraptor, rather than a prehistoric bird--the implication being that if Xiaotingia wasnt a true bird, then neither was Archaeopteryx, which was only recently descended from it. This has caused a large amount of consternation in the Archaeopteryx was a bird camp, but hasnt impressed those more dubious paleontologists who doubted Archaeopteryxs credentials in the first place!